When is a leading question permissible on direct examination?

• A. Generally allowed on direct examination
• B. When the witness is hostile or to introduce preliminary matters, or the court allows a short, controlling question
• C. Only in cross-examination
• D. Never allowed

Answer: (B)

On direct examination, witnesses are usually asked open-ended questions so they tell their story in their own words. Leading questions—those that suggest the answer—are not the norm. But there are recognized exceptions: if the witness is hostile or adverse to the party calling them, leading questions may be used to obtain the testimony more efficiently. They can also be appropriate to introduce preliminary matters or foundation, and the court may allow a short, controlling leading question to move the examination forward. This combination of exceptions is why that answer is the best fit.

The other statements misstate the rule: leading questions aren’t generally allowed on direct, they aren’t restricted to cross-examination only, and they aren’t never allowed—there are valid, limited situations where they’re permitted.